Prebiotics and their health benefits
Abstract
The diversity of microorganism species found in the human body since birth and their distribution in different systems are defined as microbiota. The healthy and balanced microbiota has predominantly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. The use of probiotics and prebiotics in addition to lifestyle measures to maintain the microbiota balance has become more and more researched and preferred methods. Prebiotic; are non-digestible food components that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of microbiota elements in the colon, thereby improving host health. Studies have shown that prebiotics have a positive effect on the colon, immunological system, glucose and lipid metabolism, absorption of some minerals, and the relationship between nutrition and health has come to the fore, and it has become necessary to have more information about these components. With this review article, it is aimed to give information about prebiotics.
References
- Macfarlane S, Macfarlane GT, Cummings JH. Review article: prebiotics in the gastrointestinal tract. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006 Sep;24(5):701-14.
- Del Chierico F, Vernocchi P, Bonizzi L, Carsetti R, Castellazzi AM, Dallapiccola B et al. Early-life gut microbiota under physiological and pathological conditions: the central role of combined meta-omics-based approaches. J Proteomics 2012 Aug;75(15):4580-7.
- Roberfroid M, Gibson GR, Hoyles L, McCartney AL, Rastall R, Rowland I. et al. Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. Br J Nutr 2010 Aug; (2): 1-63.
- Gibson GR, Probert HM, Van Loo J, Rastall RA, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev 2004 Dec;17(2):259-75.
- Putignani L, Del Chierico F, Petrucca A, Vernocchi P, Dallapiccola B. The human gut microbiota: a dynamic interplay with the host from birth to senescence settled during childhood. Pediatr Res 2014 Jul;76(1):2-10.
- Linares DM, Ross P, Stanton C. Beneficial Microbes: The pharmacy in the gut. Bioengineered 2016;7(1):11-20.
- Ricke SC. Prebiotics and alternative poultry production. Poult Sci 2021 Jul;100(7):101174.
- Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients 2013 Apr;5(4):1417-35.
- Singh R, Sharma PK, Malviya R. Prebiotics: future trends in health care. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012; (5):81–90.
- İnanç N, Şahin H, Çiçek B. Probiyotik ve prebiyotiklerin sağlık üzerine etkileri. Erciyes Tıp Dergisi (Erciyes Medical Journal) 2005;27 (3):122-7.
- Valcheva R, Dieleman LA. Prebiotics: Definition and protective mechanisms. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016;Feb;30(1):27-37.
- Kolida S, Tuohy K, Gibson GR. Prebiotic effects of inulin and oligofructose. British Journal of Nutrition 2002; 87(2):193–7.
- Farias DP, Araújo FF, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM. Prebiotics: Trends in food, health and technological applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019;93:23–35.
- Guarino MP, Altomare A, Emerenziani S, Di Rosa C, Ribolsi M , Balestrieri P et al. Mechanisms of Action of Prebiotics and Their Effects on Gastro-Intestinal Disorders in Adults. Nutrients 2020 Apr;12(4):1037.
- Cummings JH. The effect of dietary fiber on fecal weight and composition. In: CRC Handbook of Dietary Fiber in Human Nutrition. (Ed) Spiller GA. 3rd edn. Tampa, Florida: CRC Press LLC, 2001: 183–252.
- Silk DBA, Davis A, Vulevic J, Tzortzis G, Gibson GR. Clinical trial: the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on faecal microbiota and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009 Mar 1;29(5):508-18.
- Olesen M, Hoyer EG. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fructooligosaccharides in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 Dec;72(6):1570-5.
- Wilson B, Rossi M , Dimidi E , Whelan K. Prebiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and other functional bowel disorders in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2019 Apr;109(4):1098-111.
- Benjamin JL, Hedin CR, Koutsoumpas A, Siew CNg, McCarthy NE, Hart AL et al. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fructo-oligosaccharides in active Crohn’s disease. Gut 2011 Jul;60(7):923-9.
- Joossens M, DePreter V, Ballet V, Verbeke K, Paul Rutgeerts, Vermeire S et al. Effect of oligofructose-enriched inulin (OF-IN) on bacterial composition and disease activity of patients with Crohn’s disease: results from a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Gut 2012 Jun;61(6):958.
- Rafter J, Bennett M, Caderni G, Clune Y, Hughes R, Karlsson PC et al. Dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2007 Feb;85(2):488-96.
- Albers R, Antoine JM, Bourdet-Sicard R, Calder PC, Gleeson M, Lesourd B et al. Markers to measure immunomodulation in human nutrition intervention studies. Br J Nutr 2005 Sep;94(3):452-81.
- Cavaglieri CR , Nishiyama A, Fernandes LC,, Miles EA, Calder PC. Differential effects of short-chain fatty acids on proliferation and production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines by cultured lymphocytes. Life Sci 2003 Aug;73(13):1683-90.
- Schley PD, Field CJ. The immune-enhancing effects of dietary fibres and prebiotics. Br J Nutr 2002 May;87(Suppl 2):221-30.
- Steinert RE, Sadabad MS, Harmsen HM, Weber P. The prebiotic concept and human health: a changing landscape with riboflavin as a novel prebiotic candidate? European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016; (70):1348–53.
- Moro G, Arslanoglu S, Stahl B, Jelinek J, Wahn U, Boehm G. A mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six months of age. Arch Dis Child 2006 Oct;91(10):814-9.
- Arslanoglu S, Moro GE, Schmitt J, Tandoi L, Rizzardi S, Boehm G. Early dietary intervention with a mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of allergic manifestations and infections during the first two years of life. J Nutr 2008 Jun;138(6):1091-5.
- Raschka L, Daniel H. Mechanisms underlying the effects of inulin-type fructans on calcium absorption in the large intestine of rats. Bone 2005 Nov;37(5):728-35.
- Lopez HW, Coudray C, Levrat-Verny MA, Coudray CF, Demigné C, Rémésy C. Fructooligosaccharides enhance mineral apparent absorption and counteract the deleterious effects of phytic acid on mineral homeostasis in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2000 Oct;11(10):500-8.
- Scholz-Ahrens KE , Schrezenmeir J. Inulin, oligofructose and mineral metabolism – experimental data and mechanism. Br J Nutr 2002 May;87(Suppl 2):79-86.
- Scholz-Ahrens KE, Schaafsma G, van den Heuvel EG, Schrezenmeir J. Effects of prebiotics on mineral metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2001 Feb;73(2 Suppl):459-64.
- Scholz-Ahrens KE, Schrezenmeir J. Inulin and oligofructose and mineral metabolism: the evidence from animal trials. J Nutr 2007 Nov;137(11 Suppl):2513-23.
- Coxam V. Current data with inulin-type fructans and calcium, targeting bone health in adults. J Nutr 2007 Nov;137(11 Suppl):2527-33.
- Cani PD, Joly E, Horsmans Y, Delzenne NM. Oligofructose promotes satiety in healthy human: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006 May;60(5):567-72.
- Cani PD, Lecourt E, Dewulf EM, Sohet FM, Pachikian BD, Naslain D et al. Gut microbiota fermentation of prebiotics increases satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal. Am J Clin Nutr 2009 Nov;90(5):1236-43.
- Kim YA , Keogh JB , Clifton PM. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and insulin sensitivity. Nutr Res Rev 2018 Jun;31(1):35.
- De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P , Goncalves D , Vinera J , Zitoun C , Duchampt A et al. Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits. Cell 2014 Jan;156(1-2):84-96.
- Respondek F, Swanson KS, Belsito KR, Vester BM, Wagner A, Istasse L et al. Short-chain fructooligosaccharides influence insulin sensitivity and gene expression of fat tissue in obese dogs. J Nutr 2008 Sep;138(9):1712-8.
- Giacco R, Clemente G, Luongo D, Lasorella G, Fiume I, Brouns F et al. Effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides on glucose and lipid metabolism in mild hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Clin Nut 2004 Jun;23(3):331-40.
- Brighenti F. Dietary fructans and serum triacylglycerols: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nutr 2007 Nov;137(11 Suppl):2552-56.
- Delzenne NM , Williams CM. Prebiotics and lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2002 Feb;13(1):61-7.
- Beylot M. Effects of inulin-type fructans on lipid metabolism in man and in animal models. Br J Nutr 2005 Apr;93( l1):163-8.
- Ironside M, O’Shea J, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Frontal Cortex Stimulation Reduces Vigilance to Threat: Implications for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety. Biol Psychiatry 2016 May 15;79(10):823-30.
- Cerdó T, Ruíz A, Suárez A, Campoy C. Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Brain Development Nutrients 2017 Nov 14;9(11):124.
- de Theije CG, Bavelaar BM, da Silva SL, Korte SM, Olivier B, Garssen J et al.Food allergy and food-based therapies in neurodevelopmental disorders Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014 May;25(3):218-26.
- Diraison F, Moulin PH, Beylot M. Contribution of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and reesterification of plasma non esterified fatty acids to plasma triglyceride synthesis during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Metab 2003 Nov;29(5):478-85.
- Meijnikman AS, Gerdes VE, Nieuwdrop M, Herrema H. Evaluating causality of gut microbiota in obesity and diabetes in humans. Endocrine Reviews 2018 April;39(2):133–53.
