Huzursuz Bacaklar Sendromu
Huzursuz Bacaklar Sendromu (HBS) sık görülen bir hastalık olup toplumun yaklaşık %10’unu etkilemektedir. Hastaların yaklaşık üçte birinde medikal tedavi gerektirecek semptomlar bulunmaktadır. Hastalar semptomlarını, genellikle dinlenme ya da yatma-oturma gibi hareketsizlik durumlarında oluşan veya kötüleşen bacaklarda hareket ettirme dürtüsü, rahatsız duyumlar ve ağrı olarak ifade eder. Bunun sonucunda birçok hastada uyku bozukluğu sonucunda anksiyete ve depresyon meydana gelmekte ve günlük yaşam kalitesi olumsuz etkilenmektedir. HBS primer olabileceği gibi demir eksikliği ve beyinde lokal dopamin disfonksiyonuna sebep olabilecek sekonder durumlar sonucu da oluşabilir. Primer HBS’nin ailesel komponenti olmakla birlikte altta yatan mekanizması halen tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Hamilelik, böbrek yetmezliği, anemi gibi demir eksikliği ile ilişkili durumların %25- 30’unda sekonder HBS gelişebilir. HBS, tanısı klinikle konulan bir hastalıktır. İyi bir anamnez ve fizik muayene ile basit laboratuar tetkikleri ile ayırıcı tanı yapılabilir veya HBS’nin altında yatan nedenler ortaya çıkarılabilir. Prevalansının sıklığı ve tanı kolaylığı açısından aile hekimliği disiplini için önemli bir hastalıktır. HBS tedavisindeki amaç; semptomlarda iyileşme sağlamak ve sonucunda hastaların ya- şam kalitesini arttırmaktır. Yaşam tarzı değişikliklerinin HBS semptomları üzerine etkileri hakkında çok az bilgi vardır. Farmakolojik tedavisinde demir preparatları, dopaminerjik ajanlar (örn.levodopa), dopamin agonistleri, antikonvülzanlar, opioidler ve benzodiazepinler yer almaktadır. Buna ilaveten uyku hijyeni, alkol, kafein ve nikotinden sakınma da semptomlarda iyileşme sağlamaktadır.
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